Tire size, speedometer and clearance
Diameter ratio = replacement diameter / original diameter. Diameter change = replacement − original. Percentage change = (ratio − 1) × 100. Tire circumference = π × diameter. Sidewall estimate = (outside diameter − wheel diameter) / 2. Actual-speed estimate = indicated speed × diameter ratio, assuming the original speed calibration matches the original rolling size. Clearance change ≈ diameter change / 2; estimated new clearance adds that change to the entered baseline.
These are geometry estimates using nominal or consistently measured dimensions. They do not confirm fitment, suspension position, loaded radius or GPS accuracy. A 30-to-32-inch change is 6.67% in diameter and about 1 inch of clearance.
Effective gearing
Equivalent ratio = entered baseline reduction × original diameter / replacement diameter. Effective reduction percentage = (original / replacement − 1) × 100. Taller tires produce a lower equivalent reduction number: 4:1 with a 30-to-32 change becomes 3.75:1. Mechanical gears do not change. The model does not estimate clutch behavior or actual performance.
Trailer dimensional fit
Usable length/width = entered clear deck dimensions − twice the chosen edge clearance. The original trailer tool tests a uniform grid, with capacity equal to rows × columns, using floor((usable dimension + gap) / (machine dimension + gap)). It can test a shared rotated orientation. The mixed and Will It Fit tools enumerate recursive row/column rectangles for two to four machines, optional independent right-angle rotations and gaps. Will It Fit also supports a single rectangle.
The mixed algorithm retains non-dominated bounding rectangles. It is not exhaustive general packing, does not model diagonal nesting or access paths, and gives no transport-orientation approval. Loaded trailer = empty trailer + actual loaded machines + extra cargo. GVWR margin = entered GVWR − loaded trailer. Will It Fit leaves this unknown when any required weight is missing. Other component and legal limits are not modeled.
Payload and UTV towing
Accounted vehicle load = riders + cargo + accessories + hitch tongue load. Remaining payload = entered official capacity − accounted load. Used percentage = load / capacity × 100. Separate bed, rack, axle, tire and hitch limits remain applicable. Towed load = empty trailer + trailer cargo + trailer extras. Towing margin = entered conditional rating − towed load. Tongue load is checked separately against an optional entered limit; it is part of trailer load distribution and counts toward vehicle payload.
Winch sizing
Selection baseline = vehicle GVWR or conservative loaded weight × selected 1.5 or 2.0 multiplier. The result rounds up to the next listed common capacity from 2000 to 6000 lb; larger results require manufacturer guidance. The multiplier is a heuristic, not a recovery-force or component-load calculation. Rope layers, terrain, suction, mounts, anchors and manufacturer restrictions are outside the model.
Battery runtime and electrical load
Nominal energy (Wh) = voltage × amp-hours. Estimated usable energy = nominal energy × usable fraction × starting-charge fraction × efficiency fraction. Runtime (hours) = usable Wh / load watts. For an amps input, watts = amps × voltage. Fractions are entered percentages divided by 100. Battery types supply visible editable planning defaults, not certified discharge limits.
For each accessory, connected watts = input watts × quantity (or amps × voltage × quantity). Peak connected load is their sum. Duty-adjusted average sums each row’s watts × duty fraction. Amps = watts / voltage. Optional budget margin subtracts peak accessory watts from a user-established available budget. The model does not size wires/fuses or establish charging-system capability. Battery discharge rate, temperature, age, voltage sag and detailed chemistry behavior are not simulated.
Fuel range
Gross range = entered fuel × measured economy. Reserved fuel = fuel × reserve fraction. Estimated usable range = gross range × (1 − reserve fraction). Out-and-back turnaround = usable range / 2, assuming equal consumption in both directions. Planned-trip margin = usable range − total planned distance. Actual conditions can reduce range; a reserve setting is not a guarantee.
Loan payments
Amount financed P = purchase price + entered taxes/fees − down payment − trade equity. For fixed annual interest rate i and n monthly payments, r = i / 1200 and payment = P × r / (1 − (1 + r)−n). At zero interest, payment = P / n. Total interest = n × payment − P. Total estimated acquisition cost = purchase price + taxes/fees + interest. Fees and actual contract terms can differ; an entered interest rate is not automatically the contract’s APR. Negative financing and noninteger terms are rejected.
Ownership budget
Annual running costs sum the entered annual insurance, fuel, maintenance, tires, registration, storage, accessories and other costs. Acquisition allocation is monthly payment × 12 in payment mode, or purchase cost / budget years in cash mode. Upfront allocation = upfront costs / upfront years. Annual budget sums those three parts; monthly budget = annual / 12. This is cash-flow planning, not depreciation or investment advice. Avoid counting the same acquisition cost twice.
Snowplow planning
Projected width = blade width × cos(angle). Required geometric blade width = (machine width + twice edge margin) / cos(angle). Side coverage = (projected width − machine width) / 2. Angle is converted from degrees to radians. This rectangle projection does not verify mounts, operating load, attachments or manufacturer compatibility.
Units, rounding and validation
Internal calculations use inches, pounds, US gallons, miles and US mpg where applicable. Conversion constants: 1 in = 2.54 cm; 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg; 1 US gal = 3.785411784 L; 1 mi = 1.609344 km. L/100 km = 235.214583 / US mpg. Display rounding does not set the calculation precision. Bounded inputs reject nonfinite values and invalid combinations. Valid mathematics never replaces verifying the correct source and actual setup.
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